Etiology and comprehensive control of swine diarrhea
2020-11-24
Porcine diarrhea is the most common disease among the three most common diseases in
pigs-diarrhea, respiratory disease syndrome and fetal disease. Diarrhea is also the most obvious disease affecting pig growth. Diarrhea is a loose stool with significantly more water content than normal, and is mostly caused by enteritis. Some are accompanied by symptoms such as vomiting, abdominal pain, intestinal bloating, first anxiousness, dehydration, and elevated body temperature, leading to death. She was thin (loss of water-sunken eyes, etc.), pale, and "fried hair" before death. Many diseases have symptoms of diarrhea, and comprehensive measures must be taken to prevent diarrhea. There are many factors that cause piglet diarrhea, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, indigestion, stress and many other factors. Therefore, we must first analyze the cause, and make a preliminary diagnosis based on the onset season, characteristics and typical symptoms in the clinic, and finally confirm the diagnosis based on the results of laboratory tests.
One. Types of symptoms such as diarrhea
1. Vomiting and diarrhea
Roundworms can cause vomiting. Vomiting, salivation without diarrhea can be caused by salt poisoning or pseudorabies. Food poisoning can be vomited and then diarrhea or not diarrhea. If diarrhea occurs in large, medium, and small pigs at the same time, it is necessary to prevent infectious diseases such as swine fever, and consider parasites and mildew feed. However, most of the mold feed poisoning only diarrhea without vomiting.
2. Vomiting and diarrhea
Caused by the three types of viral diarrhea caused by infectious gastroenteritis, epidemic diarrhea, or rotavirus infection. Viral diarrhea is the most serious disease in suckling pigs, which has a high mortality rate. As the age increases, the sows can be asymptomatic or self-heal after diarrhea. Rotavirus generally has a high infection rate for piglets of 3-8 weeks old, and it rarely occurs in adult pigs and piglets within one week of age. Weaned pigs also have no obvious symptoms, and many diarrhea without vomiting before weaning.
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus can be infected in pigs of all ages and spreads quickly; the incidence is highest in winter, early spring and late autumn, especially in spring. Shelf pigs, fat pigs and adult pigs show symptoms of watery diarrhea after the onset of the disease, and they heal on their own for 3-7 days. Once they stop, more will no longer occur and fewer deaths. In addition to diarrhea, it is accompanied by loss of appetite, vomiting, and thirst, and sows stop lactating. The first symptom of suckling pigs in about 10 days is vomiting, followed by rapid watery diarrhea, grass green or gray, white, and mixed with milk. Died within 2-5 days. The mortality rate of piglets within 5-7 days of age is often as high as 100%. As the age increases, the mortality rate gradually decreases. The suckling piglets that recovered after the onset of the disease became stiff pigs with coarse coats and delayed growth.
3. Suckling pig diarrhea
Three-day-old piglets pull red and thin feces. Large piglets are prone to develop red dysentery.
Piglets within three to five days of age pull watery yellow and thin feces with foam. If breast milk is normal, yellow scour caused by E. coli may be considered. Two or three weeks of age pulling white paste-like loose feces can be caused by white scour of piglets. Two-week-old gray-yellow watery feces can be caused by Isospora, which is called "10-day-old diarrhea."
4. Diarrhea after weaning
Early post-weaning diarrhea is caused by early weaning syndrome. Diarrhea in pigs at the age of 1-3 months can cause paratyphoid fever in piglets.
5. Diarrhea with blood
Hemorrhagic diarrhea in piglets a is caused by Treponema hyodysenteriae, mainly in piglets after weaning, but less in suckling piglets. The epidemic is relatively slow. b.. Newborn piglets (within 3 days of age) have bloody diarrhea, and the disease is acute, and the whole litter died. This is the characteristic of the disease caused by Clostridium weichii. Parasites such as whipworm, mold corn poisoning or severe selenium and zinc deficiency Pull bloody feces can also occur. Feces black red to coal black: bleeding from the esophagus, stomach or intestines. Some pigs fed more fine cornmeal die quickly. White pigs have pale skin after death, which can be caused by acute gastric bleeding or regional enteritis caused by ulcers in the gastroesophageal area.
6. Diarrhea and constipation alternately occur
Can be caused by coccidia or chronic piglet paratyphoid. Piglet diarrhea caused by coccidiosis is often constipated, and the stool does not contain blood, but the coccidian oocysts can be found during stool inspection.
Two. Prevention of diarrhea
1. Good feeding management
Sterilize the pig house, keep the pen sanitary and dry; clean the sow’s teat, keep the suckling pig warm and supply water in time; supplement: the suckling pig eats less food, so the addition of medicine to the suckling pig feed often does not get the expected effect, you can add six And probiotics (Yuan Kangbao or Lvyuansheng). The weaning feed should be high in animal protein and low in plant protein-use less soybean meal and no raw soybean cake, the feed is mold-free; drinking water is disinfected; sows prevent mastitis; deworming twice a month before and after weaning.
2. Adhere to vaccine and drug prevention on schedule.
There is no good vaccine to prevent viral diarrhea. To prevent yellow and white scour of piglets, sows can be injected with E. coli vaccine one month before delivery.
Viral diarrhea and stress diarrhea can be treated symptomatically with drugs to reduce water loss, acidosis and prevent secondary infections. Pigs with excessive dehydration are given intravenous glucose water or oral rehydration salts.
3. Strengthen the scientific feeding of sows to ensure their comprehensive nutritional needs.
4. Do a good job of heat preservation, especially in the late autumn to early spring. In the rainy summer season, it is necessary to prevent sudden rainstorms and avoid sudden changes in the weather to cause piglets to get sick.
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